Artificial intelligence

We all have grown up watching movies like terminator , matrix etc. These pictures exemplify possible clash between us and intelligent robots in recent future. But have we ever wondered what constitutes intelligence . How close are we to achieving artificial intelligence. Or is it even possible.

Lets first ponder over what is intelligence. Intelligence is an umbrella term used to describe a property of the mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, to plan, to solve problems, to think abstractly, to comprehend ideas, to use language, and to learn. There are several ways to define intelligence. In some cases, intelligence may include traits such as creativity, personality, character,knowledge, or wisdom. However, most psychologists prefer not to include these traits in the definition of intelligence.

But are the computers intelligent they can do calculations in seconds for which a human may require for which a human may require a whole year. But they are dumber than an ass. Even asses can react according to surrounding environment. But computer cannot do it. The difference between humans and computer is so enormous that scientists have predicted it would take perhaps 50 or even a hundred years to achieve artificial intelligence.

But the above statement holds for general artificial intelligence.There is actually a test devised to test whether a machine is intelligent or not . This is called Turing test. It was invented by Alan Turing in 1950. The test goes something like this. A human judge engages in a natural language conversation with one human and one machine, each of which try to appear human. All participants are placed in isolated locations. If the judge cannot reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine is said to have passed the test. In order to test the machine's intelligence rather than its ability to render words into audio, the conversation is limited to a text-only channel such as a computer keyboard and screen.

At the present no machine has ever passed the general Turing test.But there are variations in Turing test. There are several so matter expert Turing tests. Smaller problems provides more achievable goals and there an ever increasing
number of positive results.

The broad classes of outcome for an AI test are:

* optimal: it is not possible to perform better
* strong super-human: performs better than all humans
* super-human: performs better than most humans
* sub-human: performs worse than most humans

For example performance at checkers (draught) is already optimal,performance at chess is super human and nearing strong super human.The above statement means computer can tell 50-60 moves ahead whether the checker game in question is a draw, win or loss. In Chess which for centuries had been considered as a test of intelligence , humans are no longer stronger than computers . In next post I will elaborate over the last line

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